Abstract
Based on the testimonies of four former senior officers of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), this investigation traces the origins of the anti-Tutsi ideology propagated within Rwanda's political and military institutions before the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, and its subsequent perpetuation among armed groups established in Zaire and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The witnesses discuss the involvement of the former Rwandan Armed Forces in the genocide, the establishment of the FDLR, their relations with Congolese authorities and armed groups, their sources of funding, and the persistence of an ideology targeting the Tutsi. The article emphasises that the military dismantling of the FDLR alone would not be sufficient to eradicate this ideology.